Which disease is specifically referenced in the context of equine health?

Equine viral arteritis is a disease that directly affects horses, which is why it is specifically referenced in the context of equine health. This viral infection, caused by the equine viral arteritis virus (EVA), primarily targets the vascular system of horses and can lead to serious conditions such as respiratory illness, reproductive issues, and in some cases, can be fatal.

The disease is particularly significant in breeding scenarios because it can cause abortion in mares and has implications for stallions as carriers of the virus. Understanding this disease is vital for veterinarians working with equine patients, as it necessitates specific management strategies to prevent its spread and protect horse populations.

In contrast, the other diseases listed do not primarily affect horses. Avian tuberculosis is relevant to birds, duck virus enteritis pertains to ducks specifically, and chronic wasting disease is a concern in deer and other cervids. Hence, recognizing equine viral arteritis as the correct choice underscores the importance of identifying diseases that are specific to equine species for effective veterinary practice.