What type of disease is equine infectious anemia?

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is classified as a viral disease caused by the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), which is a retrovirus. This virus primarily affects horses, donkeys, and mules, and it can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, anemia, and swelling, ultimately leading to severe health issues or even death. The virus is typically transmitted through blood-sucking insects, such as flies, as well as through contaminated needles and surgical equipment.

This classification as viral is crucial for veterinarians because it influences diagnosis, management, and prevention strategies. For instance, there are specific testing protocols for EIA, such as the Coggins test, which is used to detect the presence of antibodies to the virus. Understanding that EIA is viral allows veterinarians to implement proper control measures to prevent the spread of the disease, such as quarantining infected animals and promoting fly control and good hygiene practices in equine management.